It gets its input from the keyboard and sends its output to the screen. When you start a process (run a command), there are two ways you can run it −īy default, every process that you start runs in the foreground. At any point of time, no two processes with the same pid exist in the system because it is the pid that Unix uses to track each process. Pids eventually repeat because all the possible numbers are used up and the next pid rolls or starts over. Each process in the system has a unique pid. The operating system tracks processes through a five-digit ID number known as the pid or the process ID. A process, in simple terms, is an instance of a running program. When you tried out the ls command to list the directory contents, you started a process. Whenever you issue a command in Unix, it creates, or starts, a new process. This environment contains everything needed for the system to run the program as if no other program were running on the system. When you execute a program on your Unix system, the system creates a special environment for that program. In this chapter, we will discuss in detail about process management in Unix.
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